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Evaluation of COVID-19 antibodies with demographic profiles, vaccination, and infection
Tulika Chandra1, Vijay Kumar Singh2, Jyoti Bharti1, Devisha Agarwal3, Mallika Agarwal4
1 Department of Transfusion Medicine, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
2 Department of Community Medicine, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
3 Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
4 Era Lucknow Medical college and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Correspondence Address:
Devisha Agarwal,
A-15 Nirala Nagar, Lucknow - 226 020, Uttar Pradesh
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None DOI: 10.4103/ajts.ajts_64_22
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OBJECTIVE: COVID-19 infection has raised concern regarding the short duration of immunity afforded by vaccines and antibodies elicited by natural infection. This aim was to examine differences in antibody titers associated with age, sex, vaccination doses, and infection in healthcare workers with previous positive quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction tests. Antibodies detection by the enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was validated by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) to find a cost-effective antibody test.
MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: The study was carried out in 530 healthcare professionals, who were previously infected with COVID-19 infection, had received two doses of Covidshield vaccine. COVID antibody titer was performed and analyzed with different aspects of subgroups, with respect to gender, age and duration at how long COVID-19 antibodies persist in the plasma; after COVID-19 infection. The duration was seen after the first and second dose of COVID vaccine. Previously, COVID-negative participants with both doses of vaccine showed a significant level of antibodies antibody detection were carried out by ELISA and ECLIA taking latter as the gold standard.
RESULTS: Maximum people who had antibodies, the duration was within 100 days after COVID-19 infection. Highest number of people showing good antibodies titer was seen between 101 and 150 days after the 1st vaccine while between 50 and 100 days after the second vaccine. Maximum antibody titer was seen after both doses of vaccination with COVID infection. Correlation between ELISA and ECLIA test and efficacy of ELISA test was calculated, taking ECLIA as the gold standard.
CONCLUSION: More than 50-year age have slightly higher levels of IgG COVID-19 antibodies but gender has no effect. Duration of antibody persistence was maximum between 100 and 150 days after the first dose and 50–100 days after the second dose; hence, a booster was needed early. COVID infection increased the duration of antibodies persistence. ELISA is a cost-effective and accurate method for COVID antibody testing.
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